Questions (Set One)

p.106 1~12
1. Which of the following is not an organic molecule?
a)cellulose
b)sucrose
c)water
d)testosterone

2. Which of the following terms includes all the other terms on this list?
a)polysaccharide
b)carbohydrate
c)monosaccharide
d)glycogen

3. Which term is most appropriate to describe a molecules that dissolves easily in water?
a)hydrocarbon
b)hydrophobic
c)hydrophilic
d)organic

4. Cholesterol is an example of what kind of molecule?
a)protein
b)lipid
c)amino groups
d)lipid groups

5. The 20 amino acids vary only in their
a)carboxyl group
b)side groups
c)amino groups
d)lipid groups

6. A specific reactant an enzyme acts upon is called the
a)catalyst
b)sucrase
c)active site
d)subtrate

7. An enzyme does which of the following
a)adds heat to a reaction, speeding it up
b)lowers the activation energy of a reaction
c)cools a reaction, slowing it down
d)raises the activation energy of the reaction

8. Besides satisfying your hunger, why else mights you consume a big bowl of pasta the night before a race? Another reason why people may consume pasta the night before a race is to store sugar stockpiles (potential energy). When the body needs this energy, it will break down the stored sugar and use the energy.

9. How are glucose, sucrose, and starch related?
Glucose, sucrose, and starch are related because they are all sugars. Sucrose is formed from a glucose monomer connected with a fructose monomer. Starch is a polysaccharide that is formed by many glucose molecules.

10. What are steroids? Describe two functions they have in cells.
A steroid is a lipid with a carbon skeleton of four fused rings. One way in which steroids function in cells is through giving chemical signals throughout the body. Another function is that a certain kind of steroid called cholesterol is part of the membrane that surrounds our cells.

11. How are polypeptides related to proteins?
Proteins consist of one or more polypeptide chains. These chains are formed from a combination of amino acids.

12. How does denaturation affect the ability of a protein to function?
Denaturation affects the ability of a protein to function by causing the protein to either not function well, or not function at all.

p.107 14~15
14.
a) The one product represented with a question mark is a water molecule.
b)This kind of reaction is called a dehydration reaction because in order for the two amino acids to bond, a water molecule is removed.
c)If amino acids were added to this chain, the two places in which they could be attached would be to the OH molecules.

15.
a)At about 39 degrees enzyme A performs the best.
b)I would hypothesize that enzyme A is found in humans because the temperature range in which it performs well is about the average human temperature.
c)If the temperature rises above 40 degrees, then denaturation of the enzyme occurs, causing the rate of the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme to slow down.